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思维的层次\理性与激情\自我反思
发布时间：2023-03-14 08:05 点击： 编辑：admin
人类的思维大体有两类，暂称其为常规思维和反思
常规思维是绝大多数人的思维方式——时时被自己的情绪和欲望所左右，默认以自我为中心和参照的合理性
反思则分为三种：反思别人的认知、反思自己的认知和反思自己的反思
第一种反思属于基础反思，初步地触及到了深层认知层面
第二种反思带来了伦理学，从而产生了传统意义上的圣人，典型的名言如，“吾日三省吾身”
第三种反思则开启了批判性思维，即哲学思考，如，“我思故我在”
There are two types of human thinking – conventional thinking and reflective thinking
Conventional thinking is the way embraced by most people – always self-centered and self-referential, unidirectionally swayed by one’s own emotions and desires
Reflective thinking has three types: reflection on others’ cognition, reflection on one’s own cognition, and reflection on one’s own reflection.
The first type of reflection is the basic reflection, which preliminarily touches the deep cognitive level
The second type of reflection leads to ethics and traditional saints with typical quotes like, “I examine myself three times every day”
The third type of reflection opens up critical thinking, that is, philosophy thinking such as “I think, therefore I am”
理性与激情
世上有两类智者：一类认为过去决定着现在，他们关注历史、强调理性、性格保守，奠定了机械论和科学主义；另一类则认为，未来牵引着现在，他们充满激情、勇于幻想、性格开放，开创了有机论和宗教学派。
没有了理性，生活是危险的；而缺少了激情，生活便没有趣味。理性对热情的冲突是一场贯穿着全部人类历史的冲突。人类成就中最伟大的东西都是在理性与激情、保守与开放、机械与有机、科学与宗教的碰撞中诞生的｡
人类的自我反思有两个常见的形态：一个是不断为自己的惯性思维和行动寻找和分派合理性；另一个是不断地反思和批判自己惯性思维和行动的合理性。二者都超越了动物的本能反应，但相对来说，前者仰仗了大脑的解释器功能，后者则利用了大脑的二次抽离特性。前者成为大多数人无法摆脱的终身选择，后者则留下了人类历史上“吾日三省吾身”、“认识你自己”、“我思故我在”等伟大的思想遗产。
There are two kinds of human self-reflection: one is to constantly seek and assign rational explanation to one’s own habitual thinking and actions; the other is to constantly reflect and criticize the rationality of one’s own habitual thinking and actions. Both transcend the instinctive responses of animals, but relatively speaking, the former relies on the interpreter function of the brain, and the latter takes advantage of the second-order abstraction of the brain. The former has become a lifelong choice that most people cannot get rid of, while the latter has left behind the great ideological legacy of “Examine thyself three times a day”, “Know thyself”, and “I think, therefore I am” in human history.
关于自我反思
人类的自我反思有两个常见的形态：一个是不断为自己的惯性思维和行动寻找和分派合理性；另一个是不断地反思和批判自己惯性思维和行动的合理性。二者都超越了动物的本能反应，但相对来说，前者仰仗了大脑的解释器功能，后者则利用了大脑的二次抽离特性。前者成为大多数人无法摆脱的终身选择，后者则留下了人类历史上“吾日三省吾身”、“认识你自己”、“我思故我在”等伟大的思想遗产。
There are two kinds of human self-reflection: one is to constantly seek and assign rational explanation to one’s own habitual thinking and actions; the other is to constantly reflect and criticize the rationality of one’s own habitual thinking and actions. Both transcend the instinctive responses of animals, but relatively speaking, the former relies on the interpreter function of the brain, and the latter takes advantage of the second-order abstraction of the brain. The former has become a lifelong choice that most people cannot get rid of, while the latter has left behind the great ideological legacy of “Examine thyself three times a day”, “Know thyself”, and “I think, therefore I am” in human history.